Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of...

â€Å"Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one†. Behaviourism is a school of thought in psychology based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment. Two other assumptions of this theory are that the environment shapes behaviour and that taking internal mental states such as thoughts, feelings and emotions into consideration is useless in explaining behaviour. Behaviourists are unique among psychologists in believing that it is unnecessary to speculate about internal mental processes. The behaviourist theory believes that†¦show more content†¦In this example the ringing bell had become a conditioned stimulus once it took on the association with food. Another example is the experiment of Little Albert (Watson and Rayner) which was conducted in 1920. Little Albert, a 9 month old child, was conditioned to respond with anxiety to the stimulus of a white rat. This was achieved by pairing the rat with a loud noise that already made Albert anxious. The anxiety response was transferred to the rat because it was presented together with the noise. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviour. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behaviour and the consequence for that behaviour. Operant conditioning was first described by psychologist and behaviourist B.F Skinner. As a behaviourist, Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behaviour. Instead, Skinner suggested that we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behaviour. Skinner used the term Operant to refer to any ‘active behaviour that operates upon the environment to generate consequences’. In other words, Skinners theory explained how we acquire the range of learned behaviours we exhibit each and every day. Reinforcement and punishment are the core tools of operant condition and can be either positive or negative. There are four typesShow MoreRelated‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourists Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic One’2665 Words   |  11 PagesThis essay has 2462 words ‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ Behaviorism was originally founded by John B. Watson who believed that behavior had the means to be measured, trained and changed (1913) The Behavioural theory is firstly based on experiment and secondly by describing how human behaviour is learntRead Moreâ€Å"Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic One†.2459 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one†. The term ‘therapy’ has been defined as an activity which ‘involves the treatment of a disease or disorder, by some remedial, rehabilitating, or curative process’. Historically, there has been considerable development in the range and types of therapy that can beRead MoreChrysalis module four behaviourism stud3023 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœBehaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ In this essay I will first of all explain the main principles and theories that underpin the behaviourist approach to psychology. I will subsequently outline how behaviourist theory can provide therapists with some insight into both the causes of maladaptive behaviourRead More‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic.’2499 Words   |  10 Pages‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic.’ Introduction In this essay I intend to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach to therapy, in relation to the above statement and will explore their fundamental principles and differences. Throughout the centuriesRead MoreChrysalis Module 4 252607 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to psychoanalytic one. The term ‘therapy’ literary means, â€Å"curing, healing† and is defined as a treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. Historically, there has been considerable development in the range and types of therapy that can be used to help a client overcome their problems in

Personal Reflection - 1463 Words

Personal Reflection Before, I begin my story, here are a couple of the theories I have incorporated about my college experience. The first is Schlossberg s Transition Theory. As a Transfer Student, this model has helped me understand my transition process through her model. Her theory is grounded in adult development literature. A transition as she defines is â€Å" any event, or nonevent†[ which] results in changed relationships, routines, assumptions, and roles.† ( p 37) In her model, she talks about the meaning of the transition for the individual based on three topics: type, context, and impact.Then, she moved into the transition process which is described as reactions over time and as three different phases; moving in, moving through,†¦show more content†¦Here I was a first generation transfer student feeling like I had gone around the whole campus feeling lost. In making meaning out of this type of transition, I realize I anticipated I would be lost on my first day of schoo l, I didn’t anticipate the lack of help I was receiving from the staff on campus.In this context, of the transition I was feeling, displaced. I felt lost for a few weeks, and once I got to know other people in my major I realized I wasn’t alone. There were more transfer students like me who went through a very similar experience. I thought to myself: Am I going to have to struggle like this all the time? Eventually, I found out there are no counselors in undergrad like in community college. Why no one thought of communicating this new institutional system to transfer students is beyond me. My first day from a 2 to 4 year institution was a transition that impacted my self-perception negatively. As Schlossberg describes in her Transition Theory my transition consisted of a series of phases or as Schlossberg describes the 4S’s. On my first day at Cal Poly Pomona I was as â€Å" moving in† into a situation, without support. I was not sure how long it would be before I would get used to the campus. Until then, I had concurrent stress, and I had to rely on myself. I had to be strategic and seek forShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection756 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal reflections are characterized as learning through experience in gaining new insights and changed perception of self and practices. Reflection can be a difficult experience without the support and guidance of an expert (Johns, 2004). This personal reflection presents an exciting opportunity for me to consider how successful my placement in the intermediate care has been in terms of my own personal learning. By reflecting on the positive aspects of the placement, I will be able to make senseRead MorePersonal Reflection And Development Plan1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allowRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse and ev aluate my own personal development throughoutRead MorePersonal Reflection Paper1371 Words   |  6 PagesThat is why Id like to take the time to explain a few important topics on invidious comparison and vicarious traumatization, such as; how to stop invidious comparison, identify strategies that I currently use to avoid vicarious traumatization in my personal life, how those strategies will help me avoid vicarious traumatization as a human service worker and what strategies I could develop to avoid it as well. I myself have compared myself to others at such a level that it did damage to my own self-esteemRead MorePsychology Personal Reflection Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesCemetery Visit Death comes to everyone human being living on the planet. I view death in two ways the first one is a long-lived life where the person enjoyed their life and die of natural causes. The second one is a short-lived life they did not get to enjoy the life to which it was given to but taken away by an unforeseen cause. Visiting this cemetery brings me sadness and a eerie feeling, the weather is overcast cloudy and very cold, I can see sun rays ahead of me peaking throughRead MorePersonal Reflection Paper on Health Dimension Goals1109 Words   |  5 Pagestime management skills, and maintaining a life balance of both my academics and my social life. Physical wellness doesn’t only involve aspects of life that are necessary to keep yourself in top condition, but it is also concerned with developing personal responsibility for your own health care. Working out, together with eating well isn’t all you need to do to achieve physical wellness. You must also sleep the recommend hours of sleep and receive regular check ups for you Physician. The physicalRead MoreReflection On Personal Reflection1307 Words   |  6 PagesPERSONAL REFLECTION 2 PERSONAL NARRATIVE This assignment seems to be the most difficult to write because it will encompass a wealth of information. The most important part of this assignment is the opportunity to reflect on the course assignments and the impact this foundational base will have for future classes. Every event in life has to start somewhere and this start sets the stage forRead MorePersonal Reflection786 Words   |  4 Pages My Reflection Paper As relational human beings, people communicate with each other both verbally and nonverbally. Therefore, communication constitutes an important and unavoidable aspect of one’s daily life. Because of communication’s importance, it is beneficial for individuals to investigate their own communication strengths and weaknesses. When people become aware of personal communication weakness, it enables them to take useful measures to improve their communication effectiveness. Thus, inRead MorePersonal Reflection1034 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Reflection I am very proud of myself for completing my master’s degree this past May. This is my highest educational accomplishment thus far. Also, I feel blessed for my job as a Spanish teacher at Jackson Elementary. Working in a Title I school district has given me the chance to develop new strategies and skills to meet of disadvantaged, at-risk students. Nonetheless, one of my aspirations is also to be an ESL teacher, so I can help English language learners and assist new immigrantsRead MorePersonal Reflection1209 Words   |  5 PagesInterview and Personal Reflection When I arrived at the agency, the room was crowded and many people were waiting for their turned to be served at one of the several tables. The person that I interviewed for this assignment was Emily Hampshire, the coordinator of one of a program called 180. Emily has been with the agency for over a year and is currently the coordinator of the agency’s newest program. This program is a gang prevention and intervention program and was created for the local at-risk

Testing the Principle of Proxemics Free Essays

I went to a Tim Horton set beside a woman. I set in a casual distance of 2. 5 to 3 feet next to her without talking. We will write a custom essay sample on Testing the Principle of Proxemics or any similar topic only for you Order Now She looked at me and smile. Without talking I started observing her. She had a quick and careful glance at me, a suspicious look. She seemed scared and not normal. By looking at her face, I felt that probably she takes drugs. Without saying anything, she just walked out. The way she walked out, it seemed like she got scared of me for some reason. Next day I went to the same place and set facing a man who was alone. Without talking to that man I started reading the newspaper (just to show him that I am reading newspaper, actually I was observing him). He looked at me multiple times and was smiling. Seemed like he wanted to start a conversation. The goal of interview is to gather information which typically designed to allow the interviewer to learn about the interviewee in a non-threatening way. On the other side an interrogation is a more aggressive interview, in the sense that the same ultimate goal is present as with an interview, but the means of reaching that goal take on a slightly different feel. The role of proxemics in meeting these goals are very significant. Increasing the amount of eye contact, the feeling of comfort and the amount of verbal response by the interviewee have been goals of investigators in designing interview situations. There is less eye contact at closer distances and less eye contact when the interview is conducted in a large room. In one study, when the interview was performed at distances between the interviewer and interviewee of 2 feet, 4’/z feet, and 9 feet, the greatest amount of talking by the interviewee occurred at 9 feet. Rapport always affects the quality of the interviewing process. It is a productive interpersonal climate. By building report both parties in an interview get along with each other which makes the interview more successful. An interviewee is more likely to cooperate with someone with whom they feel comfortable and to bring this comfort rapport is an essential thing. Rapport-building establishes harmony in the interview, leads to free discussion and creates willingness in the mind of the interviewee. Some forms of non-verbal communications for developing rapport are given bellow: 1. Smile 2. Eye contract. 3. Good Posture. 4. Tone of Voice Good eye contact and confidence are the personal qualities of the interviewer that enable him or her to conduct successful interrogations. Also an interviewer should be able to listen what the interviewee is saying, and know how to engage them in an active conversation with encouragement, energy, and interest. How to cite Testing the Principle of Proxemics, Papers

Life Lessons Of Greek Mythology Essay Example For Students

Life Lessons Of Greek Mythology Essay Greek MythologyThe ancient Greeks used stories containing Gods to explain the way lifewas. Often times there were lessons to be learned that described human behavior. To the Greeks the myths were looked at as examples of good and bad behavior andits effects. they worshipped the Gods and tried not to offend them in any way. The story of creation is a prime example of how the Greeks viewed the heavensand the earth. Zeus was the king of the sky, earth, and men. Zeus son Apollourged all Greeks to follow these words: Nothing in excess and Know yourlimitations. These are words that even humans today should take to heart. TheGreeks believed in manlike deities as well, whom were capable of spite,favoritism, and jealousy. The only difference being their ability to performsupernatural powers and immortality. The creation of the world according to the Greeks goes as follows:In the beginning there was only chaos. Out of this void appeared Erebus,the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty,silent, endless, darkness. Upon the birth of Love(Eros) brought a start of order. From Love came Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea appeared. Gaea was the Earth goddess. Erebus then slept with Night, producing Aether andDay. Aether was the heavenly light and Day was the light of the Earth. Nightsolely produced Death, Doom, Dreams, Fate, Nemesis, Sleep, among others thatcome to man out of the darkness. Meanwhile Gaea gave birth to Uranus. Uranuswas the sky god and first ruler who later became married to his creator, Gaea. Together they proceeded to have the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires,and twelve Titans. However, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He disliked theHecatoncheires and expressed his hatred by imprisoning them into the hiddenplaces of the earth, Gaeas womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted againstUranus. She tried to get her children to attack Uranus. All were too afraidexcept, the youngest Titan, Cronus. Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranusas he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, witha sharp object, throwing the severed genitals into the ocean. After this Uranuseither died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself to Italy. As he departedhe promised that. Cronus and the Titans would be punished. From his spilt bloodcame the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam wherehis genitals fell came Aphrodite. She arose from the sea and walked to theshore in Cyprus. She was the goddess of love, desire, and beauty. Along withher natural gifts she was able to compel whomever she desired with the use of amagica l gi rdle. After the absence of Uranus,Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and theHecatoncheires in Tartarus and married his sister Rhea. Together the Titans hadmany offspring while Cronus ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus bothhad prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronusswallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at thetreatment of the children and plotted against Cronus. When it came time to givebirth to her sixth child, Rhea hid herself, then she left the child to be raisedby nymphs. To conceal her act she wrapped a stone in swaddling cloths and passedit off as the baby to Cronus, who swallowed it. .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .postImageUrl , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:hover , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:visited , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:active { border:0!important; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:active , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender issues in jails EssayThe surviving child was Zeus. He was the lord of the sky and the raingod. His weapon was a thunderbolt which he threw at those who upset him, oftenpunishing those that lie or break oaths. He grew into a handsome youth onCrete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink forCronus design to make him vomit up the other children. Rhea convinced Cronus toaccept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronusscupbearer. This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepareddrink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Beinggods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader. Metis presided over all wisdom and knowledge. However, she was seduced by Zeusand became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that hersecond child would replace him. Out of this fear Zeus ate her. It is said thatshe is still the source of wisdom for Zeus. Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus,Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Since Cronus was old ofage, Atlas became their leader in battle and it looked for some time as thoughthey would win and put the young gods down. However, Zeus was cunning. He wentdown to Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheusjoined Zeus as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopesprovided Zeus with lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set inambush armed with boulders. With the time right, Zeus retreated drawing theTitans into the Hecatoncheiress ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundredsof boulders with such a fury the Titans thought the mountains were falling onthem. They broke and ran giving Zeus victory. Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. Exceptfor Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the worldon his shoulders. However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaeaangry that her children had been imprisoned gave birth to a last offspring,Typhoeus. Typhoeus was so fearsome that most of the gods fled. However, Zeusfaced the monster and flinging his lighting bolts was able to kill it. Typhoeuswas buried under Mount Etna in Sicily. Much later a final challenge to Zeusrule was made by the Giants. They went so far as to attempt to invade MountOlympus, piling mountain upon mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, thegods had grown strong and with the help of Heracles the Giants were subdued orkilled. The Gods and the stories of their being were important to the Greeks. To us these ideas are unheard of, but to the Greeks this was their way of life. In 2000 years from now our ideas may be unrealistic also. The creation storyallows us to see how they viewed they world and those in it.