Women’s Brains Essay Example

Women’s Brains Paper Women’s Brains by Stephen Jay Gould talks about how mediocre ladies are to men, in light of logical information. George Eliot, in the introduction of Middlemarch, lamented over the unfulfilled existences of capable ladies. She wrote in 1872 that the pioneers of European anthropometry or estimation of the human body, experimentally estimated the inadequacy of ladies. Yet, it was craniometry or estimation of the skull, drove by Professor Paul Broca, which got more consideration. Broca contended that ladies had littler cerebrums than men, in this way couldn't approach their insight. He asserted this is logical truth since men in present day social orders had bigger cerebrums and that their prevalence through time increments. He put together this with respect to broad information that originated from post-mortem examinations he acted in four Parisian clinics. For 292 male minds, he determined a normal load of 1,325 grams; 140 female cerebrums arrived at the midpoint of 1,144 grams for a distinction of 181 grams, or 14 percent of the male weight. Despite the fact that he perceived that the distinction in mind size could be credited to more noteworthy stature of guys, he put forth no attempt to gauge the impact of size alone and guaranteed that it can't represent the whole contrast. We will compose a custom exposition test on Women’s Brains explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Women’s Brains explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Women’s Brains explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Be that as it may, there are the individuals who restrict Broca’s crease. One was Tiedemann, who recommended that the moderately little female mind size depends to some degree upon their physical mediocrity and to a limited extent upon their scholarly inadequacy. Another protector of ladies was L. Manouvrier, who asserted that ladies showed their gifts and certificates and conjured philosophical specialists. Tragically, awful editorials and mockery dwarfed these positive focuses. Instances of which were scholars inquiring as to whether ladies had a spirit and researchers prepared to deny them of a human knowledge. In 1873, Broca estimated cranial limits of ancient skulls from L’Homme Mort cavern and found a distinction of just 99.5 cubic centimeters among guys and females. As indicated by Topinard, one of Broca’s devotees, the expanding inconsistency through time is ascribed to dynamic men, who have all the obligation and along these lines needs more mind, and to the aloof lady, whose job is childrearing. Yet, the main misanthrope of Broca’s school was Gustave Le Bon, who guaranteed that there are countless ladies whose minds are nearer in size to the gorillas’ than to most created male cerebrums. Indeed, even clinicians, artists, and writers perceived that ladies speak to the most second rate types of human advancement, closer to youngsters and savages than to a grown-up, enlightened man. There might be recognized ladies, however they were a minority. In addition, Le Bon restricted giving ladies advanced education, saying that when this occurs, a social transformat ion will start and that everything that keeps up the consecrated family ties will evaporate. Gould, reevaluating Broca’s information, said that his numbers were sound however his translations were badly established. Broca made ends yet he concentrated just seven male and six female skulls in L’Homme Mort. Besides, he didn't consider that cerebrum weight diminishes with age. Ladies in his investigations were impressively more established than men. Utilizing numerous relapse, Gould found that at normal tallness and age, a woman’s mind would weigh 1,212 grams, which decreases Broca’s estimated distinction of 181 grams to113 grams. In addition, Broca didn't likewise consider degenerative ailments that frequently involve generous abatement of cerebrum size. A considerable lot of his subjects were old ladies, accepted to have long degenerative illness than men. Also, Manouvrier contended that when strong mass and power are utilized, distinction in mind size will be agreeable to men. Be that as it may, with â€Å"sexual mass,† ladies came out marg inally ahead in cerebrum size. Along these lines, the revised 113-gram contrast is excessively huge since the genuine figure is near zero. To comprehend Broca’s disputes however, one must understand that he had simpler access to women’s minds. Nonetheless, Maria Montessori inferred that ladies were mentally prevalent, however men had won up until now by dint of physical power. Gould finished the article with George Eliot’s introduction to Middlemarch, saying Eliot valued the extraordinary disaster that organic marking has tons of distraught gatherings, ladies such as herself.

Sustainable Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maintainable Operation Management - Assignment Example As per Appleby (2013) this fundamentally not just arrangement with flexibly chain and the presentation of crude materials yet additionally the more extensive turn of events and plan of procedures just as waste removal, this likewise manages the joining of lifecycle investigation concentrated on guaranteeing that supportability endeavors is comprehensive in all the procedures (Appleby 2013). Manageable practices inside associations must be created to guarantee the decrease of carbon impression all through the particular focused on forms in the association. Supportable tasks the board is apparent in numerous so as to accomplish the ideal result. Topping off WATER IN SWIMMING POOL IN SPORT HALL Sport pools once in a while should be totally depleted and afterward topped off. Pre-adjusted water is normally should have been topped off legitimately into the unfilled pool. It is essential to distinguish successful and productive procedure of topping off and keeping up the pool to fulfill the set guidelines for sports. Consequently preventive pool practices ought to be received in this procedure so as to spare time just as expenses. Boosting the proficiency of the games pool is significant in decreasing the basic carbon impression encouraging accomplishing reasonable way of life (Finkbeiner 2009). The way toward topping off the games pool to accomplish maintainability there must be vitality protection, water and the synthetic concoctions at the pool. Expanded carbon impression at the pool prompts an incredible scratch on nature. An outline of economical tasks the board concerning pool water topping off is to encourage earth named â€Å"Green Home† pool more concern put on pool dissipation, diminished carbon impression and long haul supportability (Finkbeiner 2009). Coming up next is the procedures that are followed to accomplish supportable tasks the executives in topping off water in pool. Cleaning the pool This is for the most part the initial step after the po ol has been dried out. The surface sythesis should be resolved. These essential methodology improve productivity and spare a great deal of time. Deck and spread cleaning is a typical strategy which encourages expulsion of flotsam and jetsam and spa deck. A brisk compass encourages expulsion of garbage close to the pool. In leading this procedure care ought to be taken to keep away from rough surfaces while hauling the spread off the pool. Surface skimming is applied in evacuating earth coasting on a superficial level. It is made sure to exhaust skimming flotsam and jetsam into the yard with the goal that it doesn't blowback into the pool when it evaporates. Tile brush and tile cleanser to clean the tiles and this is done beneath or more the waterline. It is outstanding that dissipation and topping off of the pool for the most part changes the waterline. Brushing is the most effective method of expelling green growth from the surfaces and guiding the soil to the fundamental channel s o it very well may be sucked in the channel (Appleby 2013). It is critical to clean the channel and run new water in the dissemination framework to cleanse away all the soil from the lines. The general powerful and proficient procedure in carryout this is to deplete, clean and to top off the pool. Topping off the pool The pool is filled direct in the daylight in situations where it is filled over the ground. The immediate daylight encourages extending of the liner as the pools fills. The nozzle is turned on

Great Independent Press Books Indie Press Round-Up, July 2019

Great Independent Press Books Indie Press Round-Up, July 2019 My round-up of the latest great small and independent press books is ready! This month, I have three novels in translation from Poland, Greece, and South Korea. These books include coming-of-age stories and social satire. Also included are two novels from the U.S., one a psychological thriller and the other an office comedy set in a world just a little different from ours. I found these books immensely entertaining and satisfying reads, and I hope you find something here you love! Accommodations by Wioletta Greg, Translated by Jennifer Croft (Transit Books, July 2) Its 1994, and Wiola is moving to the city of Czestochowa to attend college. It turns out, however, that she has no place to live because the college has no space for her. She ends up living in workers quarters in a world very different from academia, where she feels out of place among the students. She grew up in rough circumstances on a farm in rural Poland and doesnt have the cultural knowledge of her peers. She strugglesâ€"her room has no heat and she has no moneyâ€"but she is determined not to return home, because this is her only hope for a new and better life. This is a short novel, a novella really, but one that is brimming with stories: in addition to Wiolas story, we hear about the secrets of those around her, particularly the ways World War II shaped their lives. Wiola is a spirited, determined character, and the city comes alive with Gregs evocative prose and Jennifer Crofts able translation. Three Summers by Margarita Liberaki, Translated by Karen Van Dyck (NYRB Classics, July 9) This book is the perfect novel for summer: its a coming-of-age story set in Greece where the characters are always walking through fields and falling asleep in meadows and falling in love. It tells the story of three sisters in their late teens in the early 1940s (it was originally published in 1946) as they try to understand their parents, listen to gossip about their neighbors, and debate whom among the local boys are the most interesting. The larger issue they grapple with is what to do with their energyâ€"intellectual, physical, and sexual. The story is largely told through the youngest sister Katerinas point of view, although it veers into other characters consciousness as well, and its a fascinating portrait of the opportunities available to women in that time and place and how three young women dealt with those limitations. Vincent and Alice and Alice by Shane Jones (Tyrant Books, July 9) Vincent is a state worker waiting out his years until retirement. That retirement will be incredibly generous, so of course he has to stick with it, but the job is meaningless and is making him miserable. So is the fact that he and his wife Alice are divorcing. Into this sad situation comes Dorian Blood, a man with a proposal to change Vincents life: Vincent will get to live his ideal life while becoming wildly productive at this job. All he has to do is go through a training and let Dorian and his mysterious PER program take over his reality. What could go wrong? This novel is wonderful at capturing office life, even if your office life isnt as dire as Vincents. It also captures a world slightly worse than ours, but one that is still recognizable and scary. Its an entertaining, funny, provoking read about the nature of reality and the meaning of life. At Dusk by Hwang Sok-yong, Translated by Sora Kim-Russell (Scribe US, July 16) Park Minwoo is an architect whose success is due in part to a wave of building as South Korea has attempted to modernize itself. He grew up in a poor neighborhood, but moved away through hard work, education, and good luck. This novel explores his memories of his poor childhood, how he achieved his success, and what it means to leave ones roots behind.  It  also follows the stories of two women: Cha Soona, Minwoos childhood friend, and Jung Woohee, an aspiring writer and theater director who struggles to pay rent. These characters illustrate South Koreas sharp economic divides and explore what is required to improve ones lot in lifeâ€"and whether its even possible for more than a very few. It captures so much in under 200 pages: economic inequality; gender, class, and educational divides; and the complex relationships individuals and the culture at large have with their own history. Speaking of Summer  by Kalisha Buckhanon (Counterpoint Press, July 30) Autumn has lost her sister, Summer. Summer left one set of footprints in the snow on their roof and hasnt been seen since. So Autumn searches for her in their Harlem neighborhood and anywhere she can think of her sister might have disappeared to. She has very little luck. The police arent particularly interested in her caseâ€"nobody seems disturbed by a missing Black woman. Her mother died recently, her father isnt in the picture, and her stepfather is terrible, so Autumn is alone and devastated, and her life begins to fall apart. Autumn is a fascinating character, and I loved spending time with her as she tries to keep afloat financially and navigates complex friendships and relationships. This is an immensely enjoyable psychological thriller, with a richly-evoked setting, lively characters, and an engrossing plot. Finally, here are some July 2019 new releases that are going on my TBR: Knitting the Fog by Claudia D. Hernández (The Feminist Press, July 9): a mix of poetry and narrative essay about a girl from Guatemala, her mother, and her journey to the U.S. Costalegre by Courtney Maum (Tin House, July 16): The story of Leonora Calaway, who sends a group of artists to an island resort in Mexico in 1937, and her daughter Lara. The Book of X  by Sarah Rose Etter (Two Dollar Radio, July 16): A surreal story of a girl, Cassie, whose body is in knots: a book about the body and femininity. If you’re looking for more great small and independent press books, check out my round-ups from  May  and June.

Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of...

â€Å"Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one†. Behaviourism is a school of thought in psychology based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment. Two other assumptions of this theory are that the environment shapes behaviour and that taking internal mental states such as thoughts, feelings and emotions into consideration is useless in explaining behaviour. Behaviourists are unique among psychologists in believing that it is unnecessary to speculate about internal mental processes. The behaviourist theory believes that†¦show more content†¦In this example the ringing bell had become a conditioned stimulus once it took on the association with food. Another example is the experiment of Little Albert (Watson and Rayner) which was conducted in 1920. Little Albert, a 9 month old child, was conditioned to respond with anxiety to the stimulus of a white rat. This was achieved by pairing the rat with a loud noise that already made Albert anxious. The anxiety response was transferred to the rat because it was presented together with the noise. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviour. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behaviour and the consequence for that behaviour. Operant conditioning was first described by psychologist and behaviourist B.F Skinner. As a behaviourist, Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behaviour. Instead, Skinner suggested that we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behaviour. Skinner used the term Operant to refer to any ‘active behaviour that operates upon the environment to generate consequences’. In other words, Skinners theory explained how we acquire the range of learned behaviours we exhibit each and every day. Reinforcement and punishment are the core tools of operant condition and can be either positive or negative. There are four typesShow MoreRelated‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourists Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic One’2665 Words   |  11 PagesThis essay has 2462 words ‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ Behaviorism was originally founded by John B. Watson who believed that behavior had the means to be measured, trained and changed (1913) The Behavioural theory is firstly based on experiment and secondly by describing how human behaviour is learntRead Moreâ€Å"Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic One†.2459 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one†. The term ‘therapy’ has been defined as an activity which ‘involves the treatment of a disease or disorder, by some remedial, rehabilitating, or curative process’. Historically, there has been considerable development in the range and types of therapy that can beRead MoreChrysalis module four behaviourism stud3023 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœBehaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ In this essay I will first of all explain the main principles and theories that underpin the behaviourist approach to psychology. I will subsequently outline how behaviourist theory can provide therapists with some insight into both the causes of maladaptive behaviourRead More‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic.’2499 Words   |  10 Pages‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic.’ Introduction In this essay I intend to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach to therapy, in relation to the above statement and will explore their fundamental principles and differences. Throughout the centuriesRead MoreChrysalis Module 4 252607 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to psychoanalytic one. The term ‘therapy’ literary means, â€Å"curing, healing† and is defined as a treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. Historically, there has been considerable development in the range and types of therapy that can be used to help a client overcome their problems in

Personal Reflection - 1463 Words

Personal Reflection Before, I begin my story, here are a couple of the theories I have incorporated about my college experience. The first is Schlossberg s Transition Theory. As a Transfer Student, this model has helped me understand my transition process through her model. Her theory is grounded in adult development literature. A transition as she defines is â€Å" any event, or nonevent†[ which] results in changed relationships, routines, assumptions, and roles.† ( p 37) In her model, she talks about the meaning of the transition for the individual based on three topics: type, context, and impact.Then, she moved into the transition process which is described as reactions over time and as three different phases; moving in, moving through,†¦show more content†¦Here I was a first generation transfer student feeling like I had gone around the whole campus feeling lost. In making meaning out of this type of transition, I realize I anticipated I would be lost on my first day of schoo l, I didn’t anticipate the lack of help I was receiving from the staff on campus.In this context, of the transition I was feeling, displaced. I felt lost for a few weeks, and once I got to know other people in my major I realized I wasn’t alone. There were more transfer students like me who went through a very similar experience. I thought to myself: Am I going to have to struggle like this all the time? Eventually, I found out there are no counselors in undergrad like in community college. Why no one thought of communicating this new institutional system to transfer students is beyond me. My first day from a 2 to 4 year institution was a transition that impacted my self-perception negatively. As Schlossberg describes in her Transition Theory my transition consisted of a series of phases or as Schlossberg describes the 4S’s. On my first day at Cal Poly Pomona I was as â€Å" moving in† into a situation, without support. I was not sure how long it would be before I would get used to the campus. Until then, I had concurrent stress, and I had to rely on myself. I had to be strategic and seek forShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection756 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal reflections are characterized as learning through experience in gaining new insights and changed perception of self and practices. Reflection can be a difficult experience without the support and guidance of an expert (Johns, 2004). This personal reflection presents an exciting opportunity for me to consider how successful my placement in the intermediate care has been in terms of my own personal learning. By reflecting on the positive aspects of the placement, I will be able to make senseRead MorePersonal Reflection And Development Plan1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allowRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse and ev aluate my own personal development throughoutRead MorePersonal Reflection Paper1371 Words   |  6 PagesThat is why Id like to take the time to explain a few important topics on invidious comparison and vicarious traumatization, such as; how to stop invidious comparison, identify strategies that I currently use to avoid vicarious traumatization in my personal life, how those strategies will help me avoid vicarious traumatization as a human service worker and what strategies I could develop to avoid it as well. I myself have compared myself to others at such a level that it did damage to my own self-esteemRead MorePsychology Personal Reflection Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesCemetery Visit Death comes to everyone human being living on the planet. I view death in two ways the first one is a long-lived life where the person enjoyed their life and die of natural causes. The second one is a short-lived life they did not get to enjoy the life to which it was given to but taken away by an unforeseen cause. Visiting this cemetery brings me sadness and a eerie feeling, the weather is overcast cloudy and very cold, I can see sun rays ahead of me peaking throughRead MorePersonal Reflection Paper on Health Dimension Goals1109 Words   |  5 Pagestime management skills, and maintaining a life balance of both my academics and my social life. Physical wellness doesn’t only involve aspects of life that are necessary to keep yourself in top condition, but it is also concerned with developing personal responsibility for your own health care. Working out, together with eating well isn’t all you need to do to achieve physical wellness. You must also sleep the recommend hours of sleep and receive regular check ups for you Physician. The physicalRead MoreReflection On Personal Reflection1307 Words   |  6 PagesPERSONAL REFLECTION 2 PERSONAL NARRATIVE This assignment seems to be the most difficult to write because it will encompass a wealth of information. The most important part of this assignment is the opportunity to reflect on the course assignments and the impact this foundational base will have for future classes. Every event in life has to start somewhere and this start sets the stage forRead MorePersonal Reflection786 Words   |  4 Pages My Reflection Paper As relational human beings, people communicate with each other both verbally and nonverbally. Therefore, communication constitutes an important and unavoidable aspect of one’s daily life. Because of communication’s importance, it is beneficial for individuals to investigate their own communication strengths and weaknesses. When people become aware of personal communication weakness, it enables them to take useful measures to improve their communication effectiveness. Thus, inRead MorePersonal Reflection1034 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Reflection I am very proud of myself for completing my master’s degree this past May. This is my highest educational accomplishment thus far. Also, I feel blessed for my job as a Spanish teacher at Jackson Elementary. Working in a Title I school district has given me the chance to develop new strategies and skills to meet of disadvantaged, at-risk students. Nonetheless, one of my aspirations is also to be an ESL teacher, so I can help English language learners and assist new immigrantsRead MorePersonal Reflection1209 Words   |  5 PagesInterview and Personal Reflection When I arrived at the agency, the room was crowded and many people were waiting for their turned to be served at one of the several tables. The person that I interviewed for this assignment was Emily Hampshire, the coordinator of one of a program called 180. Emily has been with the agency for over a year and is currently the coordinator of the agency’s newest program. This program is a gang prevention and intervention program and was created for the local at-risk

Testing the Principle of Proxemics Free Essays

I went to a Tim Horton set beside a woman. I set in a casual distance of 2. 5 to 3 feet next to her without talking. We will write a custom essay sample on Testing the Principle of Proxemics or any similar topic only for you Order Now She looked at me and smile. Without talking I started observing her. She had a quick and careful glance at me, a suspicious look. She seemed scared and not normal. By looking at her face, I felt that probably she takes drugs. Without saying anything, she just walked out. The way she walked out, it seemed like she got scared of me for some reason. Next day I went to the same place and set facing a man who was alone. Without talking to that man I started reading the newspaper (just to show him that I am reading newspaper, actually I was observing him). He looked at me multiple times and was smiling. Seemed like he wanted to start a conversation. The goal of interview is to gather information which typically designed to allow the interviewer to learn about the interviewee in a non-threatening way. On the other side an interrogation is a more aggressive interview, in the sense that the same ultimate goal is present as with an interview, but the means of reaching that goal take on a slightly different feel. The role of proxemics in meeting these goals are very significant. Increasing the amount of eye contact, the feeling of comfort and the amount of verbal response by the interviewee have been goals of investigators in designing interview situations. There is less eye contact at closer distances and less eye contact when the interview is conducted in a large room. In one study, when the interview was performed at distances between the interviewer and interviewee of 2 feet, 4’/z feet, and 9 feet, the greatest amount of talking by the interviewee occurred at 9 feet. Rapport always affects the quality of the interviewing process. It is a productive interpersonal climate. By building report both parties in an interview get along with each other which makes the interview more successful. An interviewee is more likely to cooperate with someone with whom they feel comfortable and to bring this comfort rapport is an essential thing. Rapport-building establishes harmony in the interview, leads to free discussion and creates willingness in the mind of the interviewee. Some forms of non-verbal communications for developing rapport are given bellow: 1. Smile 2. Eye contract. 3. Good Posture. 4. Tone of Voice Good eye contact and confidence are the personal qualities of the interviewer that enable him or her to conduct successful interrogations. Also an interviewer should be able to listen what the interviewee is saying, and know how to engage them in an active conversation with encouragement, energy, and interest. How to cite Testing the Principle of Proxemics, Papers

Life Lessons Of Greek Mythology Essay Example For Students

Life Lessons Of Greek Mythology Essay Greek MythologyThe ancient Greeks used stories containing Gods to explain the way lifewas. Often times there were lessons to be learned that described human behavior. To the Greeks the myths were looked at as examples of good and bad behavior andits effects. they worshipped the Gods and tried not to offend them in any way. The story of creation is a prime example of how the Greeks viewed the heavensand the earth. Zeus was the king of the sky, earth, and men. Zeus son Apollourged all Greeks to follow these words: Nothing in excess and Know yourlimitations. These are words that even humans today should take to heart. TheGreeks believed in manlike deities as well, whom were capable of spite,favoritism, and jealousy. The only difference being their ability to performsupernatural powers and immortality. The creation of the world according to the Greeks goes as follows:In the beginning there was only chaos. Out of this void appeared Erebus,the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty,silent, endless, darkness. Upon the birth of Love(Eros) brought a start of order. From Love came Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea appeared. Gaea was the Earth goddess. Erebus then slept with Night, producing Aether andDay. Aether was the heavenly light and Day was the light of the Earth. Nightsolely produced Death, Doom, Dreams, Fate, Nemesis, Sleep, among others thatcome to man out of the darkness. Meanwhile Gaea gave birth to Uranus. Uranuswas the sky god and first ruler who later became married to his creator, Gaea. Together they proceeded to have the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires,and twelve Titans. However, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He disliked theHecatoncheires and expressed his hatred by imprisoning them into the hiddenplaces of the earth, Gaeas womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted againstUranus. She tried to get her children to attack Uranus. All were too afraidexcept, the youngest Titan, Cronus. Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranusas he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, witha sharp object, throwing the severed genitals into the ocean. After this Uranuseither died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself to Italy. As he departedhe promised that. Cronus and the Titans would be punished. From his spilt bloodcame the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam wherehis genitals fell came Aphrodite. She arose from the sea and walked to theshore in Cyprus. She was the goddess of love, desire, and beauty. Along withher natural gifts she was able to compel whomever she desired with the use of amagica l gi rdle. After the absence of Uranus,Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and theHecatoncheires in Tartarus and married his sister Rhea. Together the Titans hadmany offspring while Cronus ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus bothhad prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronusswallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at thetreatment of the children and plotted against Cronus. When it came time to givebirth to her sixth child, Rhea hid herself, then she left the child to be raisedby nymphs. To conceal her act she wrapped a stone in swaddling cloths and passedit off as the baby to Cronus, who swallowed it. .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .postImageUrl , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:hover , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:visited , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:active { border:0!important; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:active , .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708 .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a3a16996d552b48ced96cbb9c0df708:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender issues in jails EssayThe surviving child was Zeus. He was the lord of the sky and the raingod. His weapon was a thunderbolt which he threw at those who upset him, oftenpunishing those that lie or break oaths. He grew into a handsome youth onCrete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink forCronus design to make him vomit up the other children. Rhea convinced Cronus toaccept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronusscupbearer. This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepareddrink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Beinggods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader. Metis presided over all wisdom and knowledge. However, she was seduced by Zeusand became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that hersecond child would replace him. Out of this fear Zeus ate her. It is said thatshe is still the source of wisdom for Zeus. Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus,Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Since Cronus was old ofage, Atlas became their leader in battle and it looked for some time as thoughthey would win and put the young gods down. However, Zeus was cunning. He wentdown to Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheusjoined Zeus as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopesprovided Zeus with lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set inambush armed with boulders. With the time right, Zeus retreated drawing theTitans into the Hecatoncheiress ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundredsof boulders with such a fury the Titans thought the mountains were falling onthem. They broke and ran giving Zeus victory. Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. Exceptfor Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the worldon his shoulders. However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaeaangry that her children had been imprisoned gave birth to a last offspring,Typhoeus. Typhoeus was so fearsome that most of the gods fled. However, Zeusfaced the monster and flinging his lighting bolts was able to kill it. Typhoeuswas buried under Mount Etna in Sicily. Much later a final challenge to Zeusrule was made by the Giants. They went so far as to attempt to invade MountOlympus, piling mountain upon mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, thegods had grown strong and with the help of Heracles the Giants were subdued orkilled. The Gods and the stories of their being were important to the Greeks. To us these ideas are unheard of, but to the Greeks this was their way of life. In 2000 years from now our ideas may be unrealistic also. The creation storyallows us to see how they viewed they world and those in it.

Jefferson Vs Hamilton Essays - James Madison,

Jefferson Vs Hamilton Between Jefferson and Hamilton the two both wanted what was best for the newly formed country but just had different opinions on how to go about it. Hamilton wanted the United States to be governed by an aristocracy while Jefferson had his faith in the people and disagreed with Hamilton. On this basis the two had many disputes on issues in the country, such as the economy with farming and industry, the national bank, or how to interpret the Constitution. 1. Shipping and Manufacturing a. Jefferson-wanted U.S to be nation of farmers. b. Hamilton- encouraged shipping and manufacturing. c. One side result of this was Hamiltons proposal for a national bank d. Jefferson feared that the bank would encourage financial speculation and hurt farming interests. e. Also thought it would give government too much power. 2. Constitutional Interpretation a. Jefferson developed strict construction theory b. Says the government should assume only the powers expressly given it by the Constitution. c. Hamilton wanted loose interpretation of the Constitution d. Said that the government should assume all powers not expressly denied it. e. Washington favored Hamilton. Overall Hamilton and Jefferson were both great political leaders for the new developing nation, it needed a precedent on how to run the country and these two men had different manners of going about it. One wanted aristocracy to control, the other believed in the common people Hamilton wanted loose interpretation while Jefferson believed in strict interpretation. Overall it was good for the new country for two important men who wanted what they thought was best for the country and dispute over it, because it gave a choice between both sides in order to pick the best possible decision. Kasen Whitehouse History Essays

Essay about Advertising and Job

Essay about Advertising and Job Essay about Advertising and Job Business introduction the attributes needed by a person to perform a job for example, personality type, education and qualifications and experience. A person specification is different from a job description because the person specification describes the person needed for the job, it can help to decide the most suitable candidate whereas the job description describes what you have to do for the job. employees that they may recruit. A job description is fundamental to any business because it allows the business to set expectations so staff duties are met in turn leading to the vision of the business being met. Next is a major fashion retailer in the current market and so one of the main things they’ll be looking for is people who have a passionate interest in the world of fashion Impatient unit Size and Scale Tesco is an international company Job adverts Job adverts are created so that suitable candidates are attracted to a job position, in order to recruit suitable candidates job adverts usually include: Details of the business (name, brand, location) An outline of the job Any experience and qualifications that are required Application process (how to apply, deadline) A good job advert is likely to include an accurate description of the job and its requirements. It will have honest and true information about the job and business and will give a positive feel to potential employees. The information in the job advert should also be relevant for example, giving information that the applicants need to know at the first stage of the recruitment process such as, qualifications and shift hours. The choice of medium used to advertise the job depends on the type of job that is being advertised for example, if it is a senior job it might be advertised in a national newspaper or specialist magazine (the Economist, BusinessWeek). If it is a job that requires less skill than one of a senior job than this may be advertised in a local newspaper. Advertising in a local newspaper costs significantly less than advertising in a national newspaper or television. Another medium of advertising is online. Many business advertise job positions online as the internet is widely used. Next also post job positions online, they do this a number of ways: Through job sites where job adverts are posted Through their own website where they post current vacancies that are

Lobbying as Legitimate Aspect of Corporate Behavior Essay

Lobbying as Legitimate Aspect of Corporate Behavior - Essay Example It is a deliberate attempt on part of the lobbyists with the motive of influencing political decisions using various forms of advocacy and it is directed at the ones who form up these policies on behalf of another person, organization and/or group(s). There are clients who are either individual beings or organized interests such as businesses organizations, labour unions, organizations who work as not-for-profit and trade associations who hire lobbyists who do their work for them. In the organization, the lobbyist is hired in the Government Relations function or they can even be outside individuals or firms (Wood, 2002). The main purpose of the lobbyist is to develop various strategies and tactics so as to gain access, inform, influence and pressurize. These methods and strategies can be developed by designing a lobbying campaign. Lastly, it should be known that these lobbying campaigns are directed towards policy makers whose job is to make policies which affect the well being of th e client, the European Union public, all sorts of communities which exist on local, national and international levels plus the president and the future generations to come. Since their decisions affect a whole variety of people, lobbying is playing a very important role in this process. There can be many methods in which lobbyists do this. For example, they can do this by using their personal reputation, out of professional obligation or the rapport that they have cultivated overtime. These means are used to achieve political goals such as gaining the trust of the authorities so as to gain access so that the lobbyists can share his opinions and viewpoints which will influence their decisions in the making of the public policy (Wood, 2002). There can be other types of influences as well such as positional influence which depends on the place that a lobbyist has in the public realm in which he is expressing his viewpoint. (Karen, 1978) Moreover, it is a term which is highly controversial and is always regulated by the Government and specifically defined so that organized group lobbying does not take a negative aspect and misuse this term. The term lobbying has originated from the concept of everyone sitting in the lobbies and having a discussion before and after parliamentary debates in the Houses of Parliament. These discussions usually gave way to the fact that certain legislators could manipulate or influence others without even them knowing that they are getting influenced by the discussion. Lobbying is a very subliminal process. Clever and ethical lobbying results in winning a lot of thing for the organization, such as better strategies, efficient resources, fruitful recommendations for the company and helps in the compliance which is ongoing. Lobbying has always been a controversial term in the sense that people tend to think it leads to corruption and this is not false. Lobbying can change the mind set of an individual to a mind set that the individual himself does not want to adapt to. Therefore, many jurisdictions have been created which require that men who are playing the role of lobbyists get themselves formally registered with the authorities before they come in contact with the Government representations that they

Does The Internet Affect Body Practice and Culture Essay

Does The Internet Affect Body Practice and Culture - Essay Example Currently, many people gain access to effective communication in their daily lives. Cultures have come to believe that instead of purchasing a radio, they would rather buy cell phones since the modern technology has made cell phones more accessible than radios. Advanced cell phones come with access of television networks. Therefore, many people consider owning one of the electrical products as a means of reducing complexity (Greenblatt 35). The internet and the workplace The current place of work in majority of organizations worldwide is changing at a fast rate. The workplace is turning out to be huge as the business surrounding increases in terms of demographic and financial aspects. Nevertheless, comprehending means by which effective communication can be made is the difficult part that these organizations encounter. The workplace consists of people who talk using different languages to arrive at a common objective. Cross-cultural communications approaches are hence being implement ed in these organizations for effective management and communication purposes (Durham & Kellner 98). One cross-cultural communication strategy is introduction of the new norm. The internet and advanced technology fall in the category of new norms being adapted by numerous multinational corporations. The internet has created novel markets for the organizations, not to mention permitting the promotion of these organizations to new demographic locations and traditions. Given technological advances such as the internet, the staff can communicate remotely making cross-cultural communication the new norm (Greenblatt 51). Another cross-cultural communication approach enhanced by organizations involves accepting cultural diversity. Novel communication confrontations are brought about by various traditional backgrounds in the place of work. These differences are currently considered in an effort to maximize communications between the staff (Greenblatt 69). Another cross-cultural communicatio ns strategy enhanced by organizations is the development of responsiveness of particular cultures. Some organizations have opted offering basic lessons of the various cultures that make up the staff. Such a strategy will provide knowledge on the proper greetings and bodily contact; a difficult field in inert-cultural training (Greenblatt 77). Demanding tolerance is another cross-cultural communications approach enhanced by organizations. Demanding open-mindedness can be easily implemented through the cultivation of little knowledge towards the employees. Different employees should be handled in different manners through the provision of different information that will properly address all the cultural demands for effective communication to take place. Electronic data interchange (EDI) will enable the company to place orders or administer inventories, this result in cutting of stock inventories thus saving millions on the cost of maintaining it can also be applied to procurement of p roducts. The internet also enables customers to transact business directly with the company through the internet saving time and reducing the operational costs. In addition, the company’s business transactions with its suppliers and contractors are eased. With the internet, people can purchase items such as books and clothing, furniture and groceries through a website. Even servicing a car or making a doctor’

Credit Rating Agency: Impacts of Regulatory Changes

Credit Rating Agency: Impacts of Regulatory Changes How rating agencies operate, and recent regulatory changes. Credit rating agency is a private company that is assigned to detect the creditworthiness of businesses, individuals or other organizations. It uses very many factors to assess the ability of the borrowers to repay their debts. It is majorly based on the borrowers solvency. The main instruments rated by the rating agency are the government bonds, corporate bonds, stocks exchange, municipal bonds and security collaterals. These obligations to assess the creditworthiness is issued by the companies especially banks in order to give loans to other business or companies. The agencies have been in practice for a long period since the 20th century. The agencies have certain regulations that governance its operations. This work explores the activities of credit rating agency how they operate and reasonable regulations that have changed recently (White, 2010). The main purpose of the rating agencies is to give the rating to businesses that issue debts, which involve Private Corporation and the national government and other forms of government. The agency has proved to be important in the lending, and the financial industry as information is for the investors to demand to receive adequate compensation for the risk involved in any particular investment is critical (White, 2010). Investors take into account the credit rating to help manage the range. Lower rating translates to greater lending risk by a lender. In consideration of the market trends, the investors may lend at larger rates in higher risk to protect against the risks thus, having an overall effect of raising the lending rates. Credit rating agency is also essential as the information they provide are used to determine the interest to be charged on loans given or possible returns expected. Business with a low rating and high risk would attract high-interest rate while the high rating and low risk would attract the low-interest rates. The investor seeks such opinions from the rating agencies in order to make appropriate investment decisions. In history, as from the beginning of the 20th century, three companies, Fitch, Moody, and standard and poors were formed to help the investors to access the ability of other individual be able to repay loan or assistance given to the by such institutions. For Fetch, it had a unique characteristic of publishing its finding on the stock and bonds financial statistics. The standard and poor it had the same approach as for the Fitch Moodys company but was a bit different, as it was proving its rating on the government bonds. The companies help so many organization and business to consolidate their asset and operation thus improving lending among the companies (Pinto, 2006). Creditworthiness, being the capability and willingness to make full payment of debt in required time, some companies due to financial constrain cannot be able to make such commitments. In order to determine the timely debt payment a number of factors are considered, the financial risk, industry risk, business and risks associated with management. This factors if not put into consideration a business cannot repay the debt. With the factor in place, certain criteria are used to assess the credit rating process (White, 2010). In order for any business to repay debt, the venture should be able to generate sufficient cash to fund all its operation and still have the excess to be used for the repayment of the credit. And the most important is the ability to repay the debts in full within the stipulated time happens is what most credit rating the companys main point of interest (Pinto, 2006). Certain factors are use in determining the rating for businesses, these factors considered can be grouped as either qualitative or quantitative. These factors also depend on the type of business in question. Different businesses have different fundaments and management structures. The environment of operations also marks an important factor. Business can prosper quickly or perform poorly based on the area it is situated. The industry in which the company operates is also important as some industries attract more risk than others or have a varying degree of requirements to run. The extent of market dominance as it provides the positions and influence in its operations. With all these factors in place, its possible to determine and make a comparison between the financial and business risk (Pinto, 2006). Quality analysis The environment of operation is coupled with the company itself before rating the company. It is important to have a detailed analysis of any operating risk of the issuer which involves its internal and the external business environment. Then there is analysis to evaluate the financial risk involved. Assessing the financial risks would help to keep the potential of the firm to repay the depths. Industry An industry in which the issuer is active determines the external factors in which the business can be successful, or it can fail to perform in. This gives the credit a platform in which it can assess the business qualitatively. The rating takes into consideration the mode of the company cycle and its volatility as it a tool for the long-term assessment of the capabilities to repay the loan or debts involved. In this case, the level of capital intensity and competitiveness make the critical business environment; It influences the rating since in most scenarios these factors impacts on the cash flow within the firm and the timely debt repayment (Pinto, 2006). To arrive at a rating, a real business profiling is conducted which involve in-depth analysis of the finances and the business itself; this profile is in conjunction with the riskiness in the particular industry. If a company operates in a relatively risky industry there a possibility of slightly lower rating irrespective its of the financial performance (Pinto, 2006). To case study on the industry, an oilfield service company is considered. The industry involves the companies that drill, provide oil services and gas exploration. These companies do suffer if done profile do not incur financial risk, but in case it is there its in low level, but instead, they have the business risk. Its characterized by the firms being highly specialized thus limited product are offered, the risk they are involved in are hard to avoid, the risks are spillages, contaminations, environmental risks and political risk. There is no barrier to entries posting possibility of stiff competition among other critical factors. The business risk assessment; the size of the rating would be able to tell if it will be able to withstand the petroleum price that is extremely volatile. In these feeds of operations, the economies of scale matter a lot since for the business with large sizes are not significantly affected by the changing prices. Other factors that are used include; operating efficiency which involves the cost of operation and the influence due to the ever-changing prices, capital intensity, sovereign governance, and the corporate governance. Other important factors considered are contractual position, diversification in customers, environmental factors and workforce enterprise (Pinto, 2006). In the rating, the financial and the business risk are blended to come up with the best rating. In most case, in such an industry the business risks are more than the financial risk. However, at some low level of rating the financial risk take precedence to environmental factors. The position in the market Market position in most cases may override if the business that operates in highly competitive environment which happen when assessing the industry. The critical factors to be considered include, the ability to influence or maintains prices in the market, for the sake of customers who are key and the products are diversified, in case there is competitiveness in the market and above all to what the business market share (Pinto, 2006). Taking business size into consideration only is only helpful in rating if the size has an influence on the cash flow regarding cost, operation efficiency, and the economies of scale which mainly experienced in oil industry explained above. Market position is, therefore, important in gauging the ability to cope with changes or disruption factor influencing its existence. If a business is a dominant business in a particular environment, it means that the firm can easily carry its operations but still manage to pay its debts obligations within time. This is because such business has a broad customer base so they can have good returns within a short period. Assessing based finance would give high results result. Business management The way business is managed greatly determines the creditworthiness. The analyst would consider the management skills in their ratings. Excellent managerial skills to business have many benefits to the success of the firm. However, in rating management, it is evaluated in more comprehensive perspective more than just operational success. The tolerance is a critical determinant. Tolerance in business manage is the ability to sustain the business running despite other factors that may hinder smooth business operation. Factors that would rate the company include maintaining market positions with a well-established managements track record, the long-term financial performance of the venture, having established efficient operating system form the basis of qualitative analysis if the rating. Rating base on management further takes into consideration the following. The company policy, establishment of policies should be in line with the objective of the business. These should stipulate the financial risks that are involved and incase the do exist, the appropriate ways to mitigate them. An analyst would particular concentrate on the financial risk polices created by the company. Organizational considerations The senior management plays a significant role in determining the success of the business. The management is the core decision makers, and the analyst relies most on the decisions they make to run the decision. The number of people involved in the process of decision making and the frequency of its adjustments. Problem crops in when old decision are still being used to influence a business that is in an ever changing market trends. Adding to risk tolerance, the reliability and credibility in determining the creditworthiness are based on the tolerance. Businesses which are at high-risk financial aid are starting businesses. So many challenges are normally encountered in the business before it gains stability especially in a highly competitive environment. If the management can sustain such constraints and still be able to repay a particular loan with a stipulated time, then such a business could earn a higher rating in the credit rating agency (Pinto, 2006). Management strategy, any successful business should be able to anticipate the future base on its past and present. Having a short and long term strategies that predict the future and maintaining the strategies chosen to form the best platform for analysis. The short term plans short be engineered to ensuring maximum earnings to the business (Langohr Langohr, 2010). Quality analysis of corporate governance firms Still, on the management of corporate firm have a bit complex management compared to other business as it has many people involve in senior management position forming the board of management of which must participate in decision making of affirms. The board should be effective. To ensure the effectiveness of the board its primary role of oversight and ability is important. Once the decisions have been made, then its implementation is by junior members. The analysis focuses on the capacity of the board to have a big oversight that would see smooth operation with emphasis on incentivizing management in the execution of the financial responsibilities (Langohr, Langohr, 2010). The board should also be independent. An independent director would participate in decision management with a clear focused mind. Those executives with some degree of loyalty to their seniors do not make rational decisions as their decisions are influence by their relations which may set back the corporate especially its finances which the main point of focus in the rating Financial discipline and accountability is another major consideration by the credit rating of the business. Factors that are considered are the compensations within the organization. A corporate which grants remuneration far above what is normal in the market is likely to have low ratings. Money transaction among the stakeholders such as top management, the sister companies and between shareholder cannot be trusted as accountability is likely to be a problem (Langohr Langohr, 2010). Companies or nations In rating countries or companies, the following factors are considered. The political risk; most companies do have internal politics. Business politics is good if it only it can embrace diversity and allows people to share their different ideas get synergize them together to come up with better solution or leadership to the business. In cases where bad politics is present, the probabilities of financial impropriates are high which would give a poor rating. National politics could lead to a country of peace which business operations are being carried on smoothly. In such an environment with political stability, a business can carry out its operations to get funds to pay their debt within time. This also applies to government borrowing. In case a country is in turmoil business are negatively affected thus their ability to repay their debts due to the risk involved is lowered therefore in such case the rating would relatively reduce irrespective of other factors. Regulatory risk; the laws that are enacted by countries are supposed to create a conducive environment for enabling business. The government should adopt policies or sign trade agreements that protect the local investments. In such as case, the economy grows allowing business and the government to repay loan. Some countries do enact monetary policies that act like a bullet shooting them in the foot. These policies may affect the countries internal and foreign investments. External risks: These risks relate to the treat such as wars or trade sanctions. A country that is engaged in war is at high risk of punishment by trading blocks and other external countries. In case a country receives such treat the implication is that its not able to carry any business with other nations. Which means it cannot be able to earn foreign exchange and which is used in repayment of government borrowings Fiscal risk; this depends on the balance between the government borrowing and expenditure. Is the government borrowing too much and spending away? Majorly the problem of over borrowing is common in third world countries in which the government officials are corrupt. Government borrowing is supposed to channeled to project that could create the return to help repay such loan. Countries with poor quality fiscal policies are rated lowly by the credit rating families. Economic risk; the economy of a country is determined by the gross domestic product. When there is a case of a poor economy such as the in a case of civil wars, the government cannot collect taxes, and there are cases of inflation which affect the countrys and companys ability to repay the loans(Pinto, 2006). Accounting Creditability and accountability of finances in an organization is shown by good accounting. The financial reporting is a clear indication that a business is financially disciplined. Credit institutions rely majorly on the accounting statements of a business. Accurate and transparent accounting books can motivate financial institution to grant credit facilities to business. On the rating, unclear books of accounting that could be as a result of interference by the management or workers have a negative implication on the assessment of the creditworthiness of the business. The agencies would also use the accounting theories in areas as depreciation, goodwill, consolidations and pension provisions that would demonstrate a true figure of financial performance (Pinto, 2006). Quantitative analysis Other than the qualitative analysis where there is detailed assessment of the finances is analyzed there is also a quantitative survey by the credit rating agencies. Quantitative analysis deals more with the cash generation ability of the issuers. To detect long-term sustainability an important ratio is considered, the profitability and the debt coverage ratio this requires the provision of financial projections for a period of next three or five years. The quantitative measure and development and trend are significant in the analysis. Profitability Profitability is determined a by a number of financial ratios. The ability to make profit is the main determinant of the level of credit protection and the degree of credit risk for investors. The potential to obtain capital internally and enter the external capital sources is directly proportional to the companys returns and operating margins. The margins i.e. operating income and sales provide the issuers profitability as a result of revenue growth excluding the profits. Comparisons are possible due to companies of the same level (Kisgen Strahan, 2010). Cash flow Payments of interest or principle are not made on the earnings Even though it seems to be connected to the profitability. When the operating cash flow is enough to services the debt and its operation that is the time it can be used to make payments. In credit rating methodology, cash flow is being taken as the most important as an essential part of the analysis. It is not possible to cover underperformance or loses through funds from external sources. Specific attention is on the extent the issuer depends on external funds and cashflow from operations. For companies to make future obligations, their cash flows are integral. It further focuses on the leverages, coverage, and earnings which are used accounting methods which are a particular and different valuation of assets. This implies that at no point it will mirror the correct financial position of the issuer and his ability to service the debt (Kisgen Strahan, 2010). Flexibility of finances When the company is under constrains, they react in a particular way shown by the financial flexibility. The rating checks at the debt serving during the time in which the finances are volatile in the business and in case the company could be having any other sources considered as external. The financial flexibility is directly proportional to funding options that are available for business. The flexibility in the finances is affected by the debt levels especially the short-term debts. Other effects to financial flexibility are loans with more restrictive terms, possibilities of legal issues, insurance covers missing and pensions which are not fully funded (Kisgen Strahan, 2010). Capital structure This is the dependence of business on the external source of funds. This highly affects the debt serving ability. If a company entirely depend on the external source, it is hard to predict how it would be able to repay the debt (Kisgen Strahan, 2010). Pros and cons Credit rating agencies like any other agency have pro and con in its operations. The advantages include they help institutions get better rates. For institutions with higher grades are in a position to borrow many at the rates which are favorable, it is a kind of an incentive to the businesses with good management and whose creditworthiness is not doubted. Help warn investors of risky companies; for the investors who want to invest in high risk, businesses are in a position to know the level of returns they expect from companies of low rating. It is due to this high risk that such investors are able to make surplus compared to the other normal investors. Provision for a room for improvement as a good incentive for the business rated poorly, it is an opportunity for them to realize the areas they should change in. A common challenge is that such businesses are normally in denial of their debt status. However, for those that accept do get advice as an incentive to their improvements. Since anything with advantage must have the other side, the cons of credit rating include evaluation being highly subjective; the rating between different companies varies considerably. This because there exist no known standard formula or guideline used by credit rating institutions in their work, the general rating is based on their judgments. The possibility of a conflict of reference: In making reference to cases in the department of justice USA where there was a possibility of a conflict of interest in mortgage-backed securities that collapse in 2008. The rating companies at times provide their services to companies which make the private request. However, they can make such rating and give to investors even if the requesting company still pays them. Conflict of interest to occur when the business does not a company is given good rating they do not deserve on the basis that this rating company wants to retain them as their customers (Mulligan, 2009). Lastly the ratings are in most cases not very accurate. For a long time the way the agencies rate have been subject to a lot of questioning. In as much as they do have a consistent rating, it does not translate to accurate rating. The inaccuracy can be case studied mortgage-backed securities that recessed despite the good rating it was given by then. New regulations on the credit rating agencies Reform Act has been enacted to with the aim of improving rating quality, investors protections and for the transparency, accountability, and competition in the credit rating market. I the USA the amendments geared toward the CRA include CRA reform act of 2006. The act raised the number of NRSRIs which lead to increase in competition among the CRA, in case there was no-action letter process in designation, then an agency can seek to designation by submitting applications to SEC with the new laws (Hill, 2012). The CRA companies were required with the new regulation to adopt NRSROs of particular policies and procedures which would prevent misuse of non-public information, materials and on the issue of management potential of interest; SEC was mandated to inspect these adoptions by the CRAs the new regulations further demand that NRSRIs are to provide their procedures and methodology in which they use to in rating, provide the SEC with information regarding quality of information, accuracy and reliability, including the information from the third parts used in rating the issuance, the NRSRO was to have board of director who is independent as they give internal control which implements, maintains and enforce the policies, methodologies, and procedures of credit rating. Right of action against ratings agencies can also be brought by the investors regarding the reckless failure to conduct a reasonable investigation of the fact or use of independent source to gain information. Qualifying exams and continuous education were enacted, and it was mandatory for the analyst to do and pass the exams. Other international agencies also such as the European Union also stipulated some of the rules for the rating agencies. The new rule seeks to reduce overreliance on credit rating, which specifically was dependent on the external rating but instead, financial institutions were to strengthen their risk assessment programs. The credit rating companies were to be more accountable for their activities in case there was intentionally or due to the negligence of other regulations. Conclusion The credit rating agency is important organs for the investor to base the decision in their rating as it gives the picture of the creditworthiness of the issuer. The investor can determine more accurately the returns from the investment and the risk involved in a particular investment plan. Financial institutions also can use the report from this agency to reduce the possibilities of high loan defaulters in their operation. However due to poor historical misconduct of some of the agencies and numerous disadvantages associated with such agencies companies have made losses and recesses as well. In line with this US government together other-other international bodies enacted laws and regulations to that strict governance the agencies and its operation by majorly making reference to mortgage-back securities. References       Hill, C. A. (2012). Regulating the rating agencies. Wash. ULQ, 82, 43. Kisgen, D. J., Strahan, P. E. (2010). Do regulations based on credit ratings affect a firms cost of capital?. Review of Financial Studies, hhq077. Langohr, H., Langohr, P. (2010). The rating agencies and their credit ratings: what they are, how they work, and why they are relevant (Vol. 510). John Wiley Sons. Mulligan, C. M. (2009). From AAA to F: How the credit rating agencies failed America and What can be done to protect investors. BCL Rev., 50, 1275. Pinto, A. R. (2006). Control and responsibility of credit rating agencies in the United States. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 54, 341-356. White, L. J. (2010). Markets: The credit rating agencies. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(2), 211-226.

Can you remember the last time you had a sweet?

Surely the last time you had a sweet wasn't because you worked hard for it, or because you were on your bestest behaviour that your mum decided to treat you. In fact, you're probably having something sugary as your reading this; what is it this time: A Sherbet? A Skittle? Or a plan and simple, sugar filled frothy fizzy drink. If you're not drinking it now, the last time you probably drank it was to ease the chicken and chips going down your throat for lunch. It's more attractive than the healthy stuff. It's cheaper than the healthy stuff. No doubt tastier than the healthy stuff. So why are fizzy drinks and sugary snacks being replaced by the healthy stuff? Shouldn't they be banned altogether? Decaying of the teeth are the main reasons for toothaches. 60%, that's almost 2 out of every 3, children in Scotland have a dental disease from as young as 3 years old. Sweets and fizzy drinks allow this to happen. The unnatural sugars they contain erode your teeth to make them thin and see through. I once knew a boy who had no front teeth! Well that's what it looked like anyway. He drank so many Coca Colas that his teeth started looking like glass. Not only did he get laughed at but he wasn't allowed sweets for the rest of his life. I don't know bout you, but I definitely think sweets are not worth that, even if they taste unbelievably scrumscious. While your mouth bathes in the sweet syrupy substances, it's sometimes easy to forget where you left the wrapper. Nearly everyone throws it's in the bin. But the minority don't dispose of it as sensibly. This is a health hazard. Imagine slipping on a slick silk like chocolate wrapper and cutting yourself on an open tin can, all because a one child didn't throw his rubbish away. And when your classrooms full of sweet wrappers, cans of coke, and tables looking like they've been moulded from chewing gum, learning is not easy. Learning is important while you're young. It's where the basic yet very crucial information is taught. Without knowing the basics, it's almost impossible to progress in life. But when you're tied and feeling lazy this too can make it difficult. And the main reason why you're tied during the day is because you're up during the night. And the main reason why you're up during the night is because you drank to much caffeine during the day. And the main reason why you drink caffeine is because it's in fizzy drinks; and fizzy drinks are addictive. I know this seems like just another article telling you that sweets are bad and that you should stay away from them. You probably get enough of that from your parents, teachers and dentists. But it's true. They damage your health, create hazards and in all stop you from reaching your full potential in life. And besides, there are only so many pounds the tooth fairy has. I don't think she can afford to pay you everyday for every tooth that will eventually fall out if you carry on consuming candy. Ban the sweets and fizzy drinks: Ban the damage, hazards and create yourself a better future.

New Worlds for All:Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of Early America

Collin G. Calloway’s â€Å"New Worlds for All† is a wonderfully written look into the relationship between the indiginious people and the Europeans who came to America. His work takes a different path than those of other historians. There is a creative genius in how he explores the historical facts and insight into the history of the two different people’s lives. It is a helpful look at the lineage of the time and brings a new insight into the historical facts of our time. Covering events from the Revolutionary war in his introduction where our fore fathers asked the Indians to not stand at their side but remain passive in the fight for freedom in the introduction. Quoting several of our fore fathers, the tact they used in their bid to get the native people to think that they were all one and that they stood together with them. Each of the ten chapters covers a wide range of subject matter from the interactions with the Europeans and the Natives, to the warfare of the Natives against each other as well as against the invading Europeans. We take a walk through the Seven years war as well as all the wars that came before and after. It takes a look at the way the Europeans arrived in North America and wanted to build societies much like the ones they had left behind in Europe. It also goes on to explain that while they thought they were superior they found that the Native people were in some cases more advanced and superior than their own culture. How their arrival changed not only the workings of the native communities but the very land they lived on with the cutting down of trees for homes and the over hunting of their lands for food making it harder for them to feed their own families. The chapter on disease and healing was an amazing look at how the European disease affected the natives. It also looked at how the natives dealt with healing as not so much healing as conflict as they were complementary. Calloway goes on to say that while Native America people were not completely disease free the magnitude of their diseases were actually rather simple, from aches and pains to snake bites. Medicine men had a vast knowledge of herbs and plants that could be used for medicinal purposes. He covers the decimation of entire tribes by disease some of them brought by the Europeans and others brought by the natives themselves as they traded in foreign lands. There were several ceremonial aspects to the trade with the natives that the Europeans tried to integrate into their own trades. The Stuff of life in chapter three goes into depth about the interactions of the native people and the Europeans as they not only struggled to coexist as well as integrate the bits and pieces of each other’s cultures into their lives. Learning how to do something’s differently like hunting for food and even the diets and clothing they wore took on the differences of what they learned from each other. In the next chapter Calloway talks about the integration of religious beliefs of the different people the Christians that brought with them their beliefs in one God and his word, it brought many of the natives into a new religious arena where they learned about bibles, churches, missions, priest and ministers. Indian religions tended to be less exclusive and intolerant than that of the Christians. It is an interesting look at the way they handled the integration of the Christians not only into their culture but into their lives and how their own beliefs were shaped outside of what the Christians believed. Chapter five takes a look at the ways the Europeans affected the Indians in their warfare not only against the Europeans but also against other natives. The face of the way war was fought not only between warring tribes. The turning point in the tribal warfare changed on one Instance, 1609 when the Algonkin and the Montagnais Indians, the use of guns made this an uneventful war and short lived but it opened the door way to the Indian people to guerrilla warfare as well as the use of guns. The introduction of guns made the native weapons basically useless. Chapter Six, the diplomacy and Foreign affairs of the Europeans and the Indians were at times bloody and deadly, fighting to preserve their own lands the Indians had to adapt to the foreigners as they invaded and the Europeans were after more land and more land, always fighting with the Europeans trying to maintain the balance between the two worlds was difficult one side or the other was always violating the treaties that they signed. As more Europeans moved into the new world and more warfare and diseases ravaged the lands the Indians were forced to move from place to place and rebuild their world and lives often in environments that were not their own and dealing with people that they knew nothing about, this often created tension and conflicts. As well as the need for the Indians were forced to adapt to the world around them. There is a lot of great information in this book, and a fresh perspective that takes the reader weather a professional historian or just the average reader into the lives of people from different worlds. It is a new look at the world that was created around us and the people who inhabited it, their lives and the changes that were caused by each interaction with the other. Mr. Calloway takes us on a journey through old and new in an enlightening way, exploring the world as it is new and discovering the different effects of the changes in cultures, beliefs, politics and life as the people of two different cultures learned, adjusted, and tried to build the world we now see around us. A great read for anyone interested in the history of America and the people in it.   

Gilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1284 Words

In Tablet XI of Stephen Mitchell’s written adaptation of the well-known myth, The Epic of Gilgamesh, the main protagonist, Gilgamesh, has met Utnapishtim, the once mortal man turned immortal by the gods. However, before delving into Tablet XI of Gilgamesh, it’s important to understand what has happened before, in Tablet X. In Tablet X, Gilgamesh has traveled with Urshanabi across the Waters of Death to find Utnapishtim to figure out how to obtain eternal life as Utnapishtim has. When Utnapishtim and Gilgamesh first meet, Gilgamesh explains how Enkidu died and Gilgamesh was so overcome with grief that he stayed with Enkidu’s body for a week, hoping his sorrow could reanimate his friend. It isn’t until a maggot crawls out of Enkidu’s nose†¦show more content†¦Utnapishtim hears the spoken words and began constructing the ship with many people to help him. He repaid them in bulls, sheep, and alcohol and when the ship was built, he gave the people a feast and they â€Å"feasted as though it were New Year’s Day†. When the storm was underway, the gods tore through the land so viciously that when the Flood waters rose, even the gods were afraid and sought refuge in Anu’s palace. However, when they couldn’t enter because the gates were close, they â€Å"cowered like dogs†. As the storm continues, the mother goddess, Aruru, cries out for her children while the gods cry. After seven nights, the storm ceased and Utnapishtim cried out of happiness. However, the ship was caught on a mountain for seven more nights. At the end of the second week, Utnapishtim released a dove to find land, but the dove returned. Then, Utnapishtim set free a sparrow, but the sparrow returned. Lastly, Utnapishtim released a raven and as it found a place to land, it remained there and did not return to the ship. After the water had receded, Utnapishtim set free the animals and offered a slaughtered sheep to the gods. When Aruru came to the offering Utnapishtim had made, sheShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh And The Epic Of Gilgamesh988 Words   |  4 PagesThe maturation of Gilgamesh and his desire to acquire wisdom throughout his journey is quite apparent. By overcoming difficulties such as upholding Uruk, becoming friends with Enkidu, and various other scenarios, Gilgamesh proves that he did in fact grow up throughout the epic. As the epic starts, Gilgamesh is portrayed as a self-centered, self-admiring leader who believes that he is the only individual that can lead the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh believes that he is a god-like figure and often refersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? 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